Liquid heating apparatus



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' LIQUID HEATING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 //V VENTOR By *WQMQWL Patented Dec. 1939 PATENT OFFICE- 2,182,735 mourn HEATING armmrus Henry w. ODowd, Jersey City, N. 1., asslgnor to Standard Gas Equipment Corporation. a cor- I poration of Maryland Application December 18,1936, Serial No. 116,518

, I Claims.

This invention relates to liquid heating apparatus, more particularly of the gas fired variety, and though adapted for general application, is intended especially for cooking purposes, such as deep fat frying.

' The object of the invention is to obviate objectionable features of existing liquid heating apparatus, chief among which are waste of fuel and cooking liquid (cooking fat or oil) and impairment of the taste and color of the food cooked. These objectionable features arise from the heating of the cooking liquid by the application of the burner flame directly to the vessel or a portion thereof in immediate contact with the liquid contained therein. Fuel is wasted by the failure to utilize the products of combustion to the fullest extent to heat the liquid and in maintaining at the desired temperature the upper region of the body of liquid wherein the cooking is done and which is remote from the source of heat. The liquid at the point where the heat is applied to'the vessel becomes superheated and scorched, causing it to smoke and become discolored, the. food in turn being discolored and rendered dis- 2 tasteful thereby, so that the liquid-must be recarried with the liquid as it circulates throughout the vessel to the cooking area where they become deposited upon the food being cooked.

The present invention overcomes these and other objectionable features by providing means for heating the liquid in the vessel by heat transmitte'd from a Bunsen burner arranged in a closed combustion chamber so' asto avoid impingement of the burner flames on the vessel. More specifically, according to the invention the vessel is equipped with a plurality of heating fluespassing through the interior thereof from one side of the vessel to the opposite side and adapted'to be surrounded by the liquid therein, the heating flues communicating at one end with the combustion chamber at a point remote from the burner therein, and at their opposite ends with a flue box into which the spent products of combustion are discharged and subsequently vented therefrom. The invention further provides an arrangement whergy the combustion chamber is insulated from the vessel and from the atmosphere to prevent scorching of the liquid and to conserve fuel; and means is arranged in the flue box at the discharge ends of the heating flues to obstruct and retard the passage of the heated (c1. se-r) products ofcombustion therethrough and permit. a maximum amount of heat to'be absorbed by the liquid before the products of combustion pass out through the chimney flue.

In the accompanying drawings, the invention is 6 shown merely by wayof example and in preferred form and obviously many variations and modifi- 20 Fig.3 is an exploded perspective view'of the combustion chamber housing, some of the parts being broken away;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view, some of the parts being broken away, taken on the line 5-4 of ,Fig. 1, 25 looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 5 is a front sectional elevation, somefof the parts being broken away, of a modification .of the heating apparatus; and

Fig. -6 is a side sectional elevation, some of the 30 parts being broken away, of the modificationshown in Fig. 5.

In general, the heating apparatus is of the cabinet typeenclosed except at the top by 9. casing A, which houses a liquid containing vessel B, 85 insulated therefrom by suitable insulating ma terial C, and a vertically disposed closed combustion chamber D in which a Bunsen burner E is arranged. The combustion chamber is common to horizontal heating flues b communicating 40 therewith and passing through the interior of the vessel B to a flue box G from which the products of combustion are vented through a discharge or chimney flue G 'The burner E is supplied with gas from a manifold H under the 45 control of a manually operable stop-cock H. the manifold and stop-cock being covered by a shield I which protects them from splatteringgrease and minimizes the dangerof accidental operation of the stop-cock. The temperature of the 60 liquid in the; vessel is automatically controlled by a thermal couple J, which may be set to operate at the desired temperature by a manual control J and which operates through a snap value J to control the flow of gas to the burner E. In

' a high vertical anti splash rim b. Near the base- 7 to which they are sealed around their edges by order to drain used liquid and sediment from the vessel B so that the latter may be cleaned and refllled, there is provided a drain pipe B equipped with a valve B controlled by an extended handle B for opening and closing the valve, the drain pipe B discharging into a removable drain pan K. Near its base the casing is perforated as at A for the intake'of air to support both and secondary combustion.

.As clearly shownin Fig. 1, the vessel B comprises vertical side walls b and a bottom wall b the latter converging from the side walls b to ward a centraldrain opening I) to which the drain pipe B is coupled. The vessel is rimmed at the top by a wide, slightly inclined flange b for returning splashed and overflowing liquid to the vessel. and the flange b itself is bordered by of the vessel B, but spaced from the bottom wall b thereof, are four heating flues, b extending fore and .aft through the interior 'of the vessel 3' and opening through the front and rear walls b welding. The heating flues b are of vertically elongated shape having rounded upper and lower surfaces 1) which prevent sediment from collecting on the tops of the flues and also permits the free circulation of the liquid around the flues in intimate contact therewith. The form and arrangement of the flues also enable them to be easily cleaned as well as the portion of the vessel beneath them. The size of the heating flues b is regulated to the liquid capacity of the vessel B so that collectively they provide adequate heating surface in order. that the liquid in the vessel B may be brought to and maintained at a given temperature with only a minimum amount of fuel being consumed.

The closed combustion chamber D is formed by a rear plate d,.a front cover plate d and'side plates (1 (see Fig. 3). The plates d and d are removably secured to the side plates (1', as by cotter pins (1 passing through openings (1 formed in the plates d and d and adapted to aline with openings d formed in flanges d on the side plates d". The plates as a unit are secured in position by stove bolts d passing through openings d in the side plates d and bolted to an insulation retaining wall A within the casing A.

As shown in Fig.1, both the vessel B and the combustion chamber D 'are insulated from the atmosphere by insulating material 0, held in place by the metal retaining wall A1 and additional insulation 0! is secured to the rear plate d of the combustion chamber to insulate the latter from the bottom wall D of the vessel. the liquid in the vessel B is heated by the hot gases passing through the heating flues b which communicate with the combustion chamber D each through a port b", without any direct heating by the burner flames.

According to one feature of the invention, each of the ports 11' is of less area than the cross sectional area of the respective heating flue b and located below the upper surface thereof, so that products of combustion entering'the heating flue from the combustion chamber D will rise to the top of the flue, out of the direct. draft between the combustion chamber and the dis- The burner E removably" oni brackets e near the open bottomof the combustion chamber D, being located far enough below the ports b leading to the heating flues b that there can be noimpinsement of the flames on primary Hence,

theinnerw allsoftheflues. Itwillbenotedthat the burner supporting brackets e extend transversely of the combustion chamber D, one at each side thereof, and are sustained by long pins e passing through. alined apertures therein and in the front and rear plates d and (1, respectively, the pins 0 being held from displacement by cotter pins e through holes e formed in the ends ,of the pins projecting beyond the front plate (1 With this arrangement, the burner E may be easily removed by merely withdrawing the cotter pins e, and sustaining pins leaving the burner free to be lowered through the bottom of the combustion chamber D.

Asbestshowninl'igs, land4,theflueboxG is removably secured to the casing A, as by stove bolts and is formedto collect and converge the products .of combustion discharged from the heatin flues b and vent them through the flue (P. For the purpose of obstructing an the passage of the products of comb through the heating flues b and out the flue G a banle plate G is arranged to extend transversely of flue box G, depending from the top therwf to a point where it cuts off a direct draft through substantially the upper half of the flues b and the flue G 'Thus, with the lower edge of the bailie G and the ports b" terminating below the top walls of the flues b, a space is deflned in the 'upper portions of the flues throughout their entire lengths for the products of combustion to collect and circulate slowly therethrough to allow ample opportunity for them to give up their heat to the liquid circulating around the exterior of the flues b.

With the foregoing construction and arrangement of the parts, an advantage by way a of economy of operation is derived in addition to those already mentioned. The vertically elongated shape of the heating flues b permits their being spaced apart laterally so that each is surrounded by a large body of liquid to absorb heat and, because the heating surface presented by the flues is so great, the entire body of liquid in the vessel B can be rapidly brought to the desired cooking temperature without being superheated at the point of application of the heat. In the absence of superheating, the temperature of the liquid is more uniform throughoutthe vessel and the thermal couple J, therefore, is not subject to frequent changes in temperature and itsoperating range canbe' minimized, both of which advantages are factors in the conservation of fuel. q The embodiment of the invention shown in Pigs.5and8isparticularlyadaptedforcmmter service,wherespaceisa controlling factorin the design of the apparatus. According to this embodiment, the combustion chamber D and the flue box G are at opposite sides of the vessel B instead of at 'the front and rear, re-

'its depth fore and aftbeing greater than its width. with the combustion chamber D and flue box G arranged at the sides, the heating flues b .extend transversely of thevesselB and present shorteways so' thatthe heated gases or products of combustion from the burnerhave little opportimity to cool before being discharged vessel stem four fluesto beiemployed in properly spaced apartso thatt'lie' heatiher'efrom is uniformly distributed throughontthevaseland the ms pmmm ath fifiein are 34509551318 for cleanin t.

relationship of the heating; flues to the usea smellhurnerE-is employedand arranged nearer to'the b, it is unnecessary to insu-,.

. are the rearaplate d of thecombustion chamber from the hottom oi the vessel Theburner suspension, howeverjis modified and comprises twoplates P. one bolted as at P toeach side wall d formed-with apertures through .oyhichfithe' endsE and E of the burner E 'zifhe'end E of the burner is round and tent in a correspondingly shaped aperture formed in one plate P the end E is, formed non-circular in section and adapted to iii: in a corre-' spcndingiyshawdmure formed inthe other plate the burner from a cotter oh 1E arranged in an opening E in. the end-2 r the to prevent the latter from shiftingto'the right- (Fig. 6) out of engagement -wit ;;the-imain feed'pipe' S, which is provided as. with a nozzle (not shown) 'project'mginto themixingchamber F of the burner. To remove the burner E, it is necessary merelyto remove the cotter pin E? and shift the'bumer to the right (Fig.6) to break the connection between the burner and the nozzle on the supply pipe S and the burner, and exhausts through the chimney' to disengage the'end E? of the burner from its supporting plate P, lower the end E of the burner below the plate P and shift the burner to the left to withdraw the end E from its supporting plate 1-. The steps are reversed, of course, to installthe burner.

The fiue box G (Fig. 5), arranged at the discharge ends of the flues b covers the entire side I; of the vessel, thus acting as a heating chamber for that side of the vessel which is remote from flue G formed near the top of'the wall of the flue box G at the rear of the apparatus. The baflle plate G in this instance, is fastened to the wall b of the vessel at the discharge ends of the flues b and is bent'outwardly and downwardly to depend in spaced relation thereto to retard the issuance of the heated gases from the upper portions of the flues.

In order to reduce the height of the apparatus, no space is provided for a drain pan for drawing of! used liquid and sediment from the vessel B. Provision is made. however, to facilitate draining the vessel by having a nozzle B attached to the drain pipe B and extending to the front of the apparatus where it is accessible through a door A to drain into a receptacle placed or held below it. "inving thus described my claim is:

1. Deep fat frying apparatus comprising a vessel for containing liquid fat to-be heated, a closed combustion chamber arranged exterior-1y of and being insulated from the liquid containing vessel,

invention what I a Bunsen burner arranged and operative to restrict the burner flames to the combustion chamher, and an open-ended heating flue having one end co mun c ti e'witb the combustion chaml ing'from the combustion chamber through the interior of the liquid containing vessel with its .sulatedtheneiromm fBunsen burner arranged and operative torestric the burnerflames' to the com- Tbustion c I teriorly at the or the liquid containlng'vesfeet opposite .t

beyond the burner flames and leadingfrom containing vessel and opening into the '.vessel is'heated solely by,the. caloric currents emanating from the burner flames and circulating through the heating'flue from the combustion 'bustion chamber at the extreme upper end there- 'tion chamber and has the lower portion only of her in a zone beyond the burner flamesand leadopposite end opening exteriorly of the vessel, wherebythe liquid fat within the vessel is heated solely by the caloric currents emanating from-the burner flames and circulating through theheat- 2. Deep fat fryingapparatuscomprising a. vessel for containingliquid fat tube-heated. aclosed combustion chamber arranged exteriorly at ;the sidecf the liquid gentainihgvessel and being infinberj 'a discharge-flue arranged exv combustion chamber, and an open-eruieci ating' fluehaving one end comtingmith the combustion chamber in a the combustion chamber through the interior of discharge flue, whereby the liquid fat within the chamber to. the discharge flue.

. 3. Deep fat frying apparatus comprising a vessel forcontaining liquid fat to be heated, a ver-. tically disposed closed combustion chamber arranged-exterlorly'of and being insulated from the liquid containing vessel, 2. Bunsen burner formed with upwardly directed flame ports arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber and being operative to restrict the burner flames to the combustion chamber, and an open-ended heating flue having one end communicating with the comof in a. zone remote from the burner and beyond the burner flames, the flue leading from the combustion chamber through the interior of the liquid containing vessel and having its opposite end opening exteriorly of the vessel, whereby the liq- I uid fat is heated solely by the caloric currents emanating from the burner flames and circulating through the heating flue.

4. Deep fat frying apparatus comprising a vessel for containing liquid fat to be heated, aclosed combustion chamber arranged exteriorly of and being-insulated from the liquid containing vessel, a Bunsen burner arranged and operative to restrict the burner flames to the combustion chamber, and a plurality of separate open-ended heating flues communicating each at one end with the combustion chamber in a zone beyond the burner flames and leading from the combustion chamber through the interior of the liquid containing vessel with its opposite end opening exteriorly of the vessel, whereby the liquid fat in the vessel is heated solely by the caloric currents emanating from the burner flames and circulating through the heating flues. 5. Deep fat frying apparatus according to claim 1. including means to retard the circulation of the caloric currents through the heating flue.

6. Deep fat frying apparatus according to claim '1, wherein the heating flue is arranged with its top wall above the level of they top of the combuse its end opening into the combustion chamber.

7. Deep fat frying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating flue is formed within the vessel with a rounded exterior top surface to avoid the accumulation of'sediment thereon.

' HENRY W. ODOWD. 

